ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the correlation between five anthropometric parameters and the distance from tibial tuberosity to medial malleolus in 100 volunteers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six anthropometric parameters were measured in 50 male and 50 female medical students using a metallic scale: medial knee joint line to ankle joint line (K-A), medial knee joint line to medial malleolus (K-MM), tibial tuberosity to ankle joint (TT-A), tibial tuberosity to medial malleolus (TT- MM), olecranon to 5th metacarpal head (O-MH) and body height (BH). Nail size predicted based upon TT-MM measurement was chosen as ideal nail size. A constant was derived for each of the six anthropometric parameters which was either added or subtracted to each measurement to derive nail size. A regression equation was applied to BH measurements. Nail sizes calculated were compared with that obtained from TT-MM measurement and accuracy was evaluated. Accuracy of O-MH and BH regression equations recommended by other authors were calculated in our data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Adding 11 mm to TT-A distance had highest accuracy (81%) and correlation (0.966) in predicting nails correctly. Subtracting 33 mm from K-MM measurement and 25 mm from K-A distance derived accurate sizes in 69% and 76% respectively. Adding 6 mm to O-MH distance had a poor accuracy of 51%. Nail size prediction based upon body height regression equation derived correct nail sizes in only 34% of the cases. Regression equation analysis by other authors based on O-MH and BH distances yielded correct sizes in 11% and 5% of the cases respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TT-A, K-A and K-MM measurements can be used simultaneously to increase accuracy of nail size prediction. This method would be helpful in determining nail size preoperatively especially when one anatomic landmark is difficult to palpate.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anthropometry , Body Height , Bone Nails , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary , Preoperative Care , Tibial Fractures , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Infraglenoid tubercle avulsion fractures are extremely rare injuries. We report a 38-year-old male with glenoid cavity fracture and infraglenoid tubercle avulsion of the left shoulder following a fall from bike. He refused surgery and was treated nonoperatively. Follow-up radiography and CT at 18 months revealed a malunited infraglenoid tubercle with signs of early glenohumeral osteoarthritis. He did not have shoulder instability or pain and had a fair-good functional outcome. There are no previously published data on the anatomic outcome of nonoperatively treated displaced infraglenoid tubercle avulsion fractures based on CT.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Bicycling , Wounds and Injuries , Scapula , Wounds and Injuries , Shoulder Fractures , Diagnostic Imaging , Therapeutics , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Glutathione, gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma -GCS) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) activity were determined biochemically in the lens during various stages after subcutaneous administration of sodium selenite in multiple low dosages and single high dosages. The GSH concentration and gamma-GCS and GSH-R activity declined progressively after the selenite administration. The changes observed were discussed in relation to the possible role of selenite interaction with GSH and the enzymes.